A knifeless rite: Influence of selected characteristics on the Marakwet of Kenya’s perception of the counselling-based alternative rite of passage and levels of awareness of effects of FGM

Abstract

The Alternative Rite of Passage (ARP) is an intervention programme sponsored by NGOs as an alternative to female circumcision (FGM). FGM is a cherished rite of passage in many communities in Kenya. ARP mimics the traditional rites aspect by putting the initiates in seclusion and counselling them while avoiding the physical operation of the genitals. There is a gap in the analysis of the Marakwets‟ perception of ARP and their level of awareness of effects of FGM as it has not been empirically investigated. The aim of this study was to determine whether selected personal characteristics and socio-economic background factors influenced perceptions of ARP and levels of awareness of effects of FGM. This study focused on the Marakwet people of Kenya, whose population is 152,000, and have interacted with ARP from the year 2000. The study employed the ex post facto research design. Two purposively chosen locations were used in the study. A sample of 415 males and females from different age brackets were identified through quota sampling. Quantitative data was collected through a questionnaire while qualitative data was collected through interviews conducted among Marakwet Elders and ARP Graduates. Validity and reliability of the instruments, in a pilot study, were established through expert opinion and Cronbach reliability test, respectively. The data obtained was analysed by use of descriptive and inferential statistics using the SAS System, Version 9.1. The analysis of variance tests were done at 0.05 alpha level of significance. The content analysis for the qualitative data was done by identifying the key points. The results showed that differences in gender, age, education, religion, wealth and status influenced perceptions of ARP and awareness levels of effects of FGM. In addition, qualitative data on experiences of ARP Graduates indicated that the mechanisms that ensure women undergo FGM are still firmly rooted in the culture. This study is significant in that the outcome may guide the expansion of existing approaches to FGM eradication. One of the recommendations is that ARP proponents should ensure that ARP Graduates are given enough support to sustain their resistance to FGM pressure.